Belt and Road Practical Guide: How to resolve disputes on the Belt and Road

Whether training AI models with copyrighted materials constitutes copyright infringement is a heavily debated and litigated topic in China and around the world. In this article, we examine the matter with a step-by-step breakdown of the technical process for training AI models and reveal that copyrighted works may be stored only briefly in the memory of computing devices. Additionally, we discuss how AI model training temporarily uses stored copyrighted works for “understanding” and “extracting” concepts and ideas, rather than retaining particular expressions for “independent economic value,” and what this means under copyright laws. The article primarily focuses on Chinese law, while also briefly mentioning U.S. and EU laws.intellectual property-trademarks and copyright-intellectual property dispute resolution, artificial intelligence

On March 18, 2025, the renowned legal know-how provider Practical Law under Thomson Reuters published the updated version of “AI-Generated Content and Copyright (China)” (2025 Note).

As the revision of the Arbitration Law of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC Arbitration Law”) progresses, ad hoc arbitration is gaining more attention in China. Previously, there was discussion on whether ad hoc arbitration will truly take root in the country. Recently, there have been notable advancements in the adoption of practical rules surrounding ad hoc arbitration in certain regions while on the national level, there appears to be more of a cautious stance in expanding the scope of ad hoc arbitration. This article provides a brief summary of these developments, starting with a national perspective and discussion of the key issues regarding the draft amendments to the PRC Arbitration Law. The article then ends with an overview of regional efforts to introduce ad hoc arbitration, including initiatives under the current regional system in Shanghai.dispute resolution and litigation-domestic arbitration